Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her

Henrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brechts Mother Courage and Her Children Henrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brechts Mother Courage and Her Children present two strongly defined female heroines whose actions non only adversely affect the other characters lives but also suggest a fundamental problem with their societies. Both playwrights establish the macroscopic view of hostelrys ills in the microscopic, individual characters of Hedda and Mother Courage. Both characters have an indomitable magnetism that, on the one hand, allows them to control others but, on the other, causes them to make desperate choices that beam a repressive society. Ibsen creates in Hedda Gabler a dominating, fiercely controlling female heroine who controls everyone in her circle, from her weak husband Tesman, to Lovborg, Mrs. Elvsted and even, to a lesser degree, Judge Brack, who reverses offices with Hedda by the expiry of the play. Hedda, as a chameleon figure, alternately shifts her manipul ative tactics to maintain control, and each character can non stay away from her influence. Only when Hedda has lost control of Lovborg, does she asylum to an act of supreme self-control suicide. Judge Brack believes he has won in his battle of wills with Hedda and believes he remains the only cock in the yard at the plays end. Nevertheless, her suicide reinforces her superiority because she has claimed the ultimate position of control in the play. Judge Brack cannot assert his lustful intentions through coercive blackmail, and she will not relinquish the power to any character or realization, whether it is Tesmans loving yet remonstrative pleas or Judge Bracks slyly conniving wiles. She defines her own role by her self-inflicted death... ...she does choose this role, ultimately valuing profit over her childrens safety. She continues on this journey without her children even as the play ends. Both characters, Hedda and Mother Courage, express determine dictated by society. T hough Mother Courages actions destroy her family and Heddas suicide destroys herself and her unborn child, both characters choose these destructive paths. In effect, they sprain like the society itself, embodying its values and motivations, its limitation and corruption. Neither Hedda nor Mother Courage possess any real individual power or self-control to traverse a society that forces them to act destructively. Ibsen and Brecht represent societys power to coerce characters like Hedda and Mother Courage into accepting values that refract social ones as destructive to them as to the society that informs their characters.

5 Paragragh Essay: The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

From the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, the youthful protagonist Holden Caufield, employs the word phony to describe the behavior of a number of characters including Mr. Spencer and Ossenburger, however it is non them who argonphony, it is the young main(prenominal) character. First, Mr. Spencer, Holdens ex- history teacher, is not described as phony, but according to the adolescent, his choice of words ar. Secondly, according to our main character, Ossenburger is not the generous philanthropist he portrays himself to be, but rather a greedy undertaker. Lastly, the protagonist could quite possibly be the authentic phony. All in all, the main characters use to describe many other characters in the book is with the single word phony, when in fact the word phony would be the most probable word to describe the lead character.Illustrating Mr. Spencer as phony because of his vocabulary, is when Holden leaves Pencey Prep permanently, and goes to say good-bye to the ex-history teacher. T he depicted fake tells the ex-Pencey student I had the favour of meeting your mother and dad when they had their little chat with Dr. Thurmer some weeks ago. Theyre peremptory people. The ex-Pencey student immediately impugns Mr. Spencers use of the word grand, and tells the reader Grand. Theres a word I hate. Its a phony. I could puke every time I heard it. To join up, Holden disgusts Mr. Spencers utilization of the word grand and thinks it is fraudulent.Also, Caufield, describes Ossenbuger as phony because of what Holden perceived he did for a living. The wing where the central character lived at Pencey was called the Ossenbuger Memorial elongation named after a men who went to Pencey and later donated a substantial amount of money to the school. Ossenburger makes this income by the business of undertaking. Next, according to our youthful character, Ossenburger is phony because he probably just shoves the dead bodies in a bag and throws them in the river. As a result, Caufield feels that Ossenburger is phony because of his profession in undertaking.While observing the discription of many other characters in the novel as phony, it is safe to say that the phony character is indeed the protagonist. For example, the false character when lying to Mr. Spencer about going to the secondary school to clear everything out before leaving, is Holden. Once again we see this falsehood, when he tries to hit on some women in a bar, despite thinking the girls are not particularly extraordinary women.

The Picture of Dorian Gray :: Literary Analysis, Wilde

Throughout the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, author Wildes talks active the influence of Henry that causation the effect of the Henry characterization toward the point of view regard to women, marriage and love. In the text, Dorian exposes to the influence of Henry. For instance, after Sibyls termination incident causing Dorian having an emotional breakdown. At this moment, Henry offering Dorian some suggestions, however, the reflection of Dorian emotion afterward lot attend a drastic change from sympathy to indifference toward the incident of his lover sibyls, thus Henry represented a strong imagine of influences of Dorian. His advise for Dorian can penetrate deeply goes into his mind. One way that Lord Henry influences Dorian by using his advised to manipulates him. For example, You can come to my sisters box. She has got some expert women with her (113). Wildes implies that Dorian shouldnt regret about Sibyl death, but rather he should get engage of knowing other fema les from his sisters box. Initially, Dorian views the Sibyls death as his fault. His presence is the all reason that behind the death of Sibyls. Wildes expresses his view of women when Dorians mention You are shallow and stupid. My God How mad I was to love with you What a fool I corroborate been(102). Wilde view that women without any artistic talent are considered worthless. Another example, Dorian asks forgiveness from Sibyls before he heard the news about the death of Sibyls by writing a letter to expresses his absurd action as sorrow, regret and forgive .He covered page after page of wild linguistic process of sorrow and wilder words of pain (111). The contrast between the Dorian whom have his own thought and the Dorian follow thoroughly what Henry says can be seen as a greater diverge person. Once Dorian established the root of what the Henry tells him, and Dorian will follow the road that causing Basil to view him differently. For example, Dorian responds of I met Lady G wendolen, Harrys sister, for the first time. We were in her box. She is perfectly charming(122). Wildes implies, Dorian is a creature that easily controlled by the decease of Henrys and he can change his behavior and action after hes listening to Henry advise of Sibyls death. As the novel progressive, Basil engages further conversation with Dorians. He realizes Dorians is not the same Dorian he knew when Dorian says A man who is master of himself can end a

The Witches in MacBeth Essay examples -- Macbeth essays

The Witches in MacBeth Shakespeare utilized many sources of information when writing his plays. One of his sources for the witches in MacBeth was to the highest degree certainly Reginald Scots The Discoverie of Witchcraft, published in 1584. In his book, Scot refuted many of the common notions regarding witches and their powers nevertheless, the book created a basic outline for the typical witch, including physical descriptions and abilities. The witches in MacBeth are representations of those set forth in Scots book. In the play, Shakespeare describes authentic witches in their physical appearance and behavior and MacBeths type is made more villainous through his association with these terrifying figures. Scot describes witches as being women which be commonly old, lame, blearie-eied, pale, fowle, and full of wrinkles...They are leane and deformed, shewing melancholie in their faces, to the horror of all that see them (Scot 4). Basically, witches were thought to be poor old women with hideous appearances. Shakespeare plain picks up on this notion, as the witches in the play are described as ugly old hags. During their first encounter with MacBeth and Banquo, Banquo is clearly appalled by their appearance and questions whether they are human What are these, / So withered, and so wild in their attire, / That look not like th inhabitants o th earth (1.3.40-42). From Banquos description, it seems they are poor, as demonstrate by their clothing, and old and unattractive because of their vile and wrinkled appearance. MacBeth later addresses them as secret, black, and midnight hags (4.1.48). This phrase also suggests that they are old and ugly women. Thus, these women fit th... ...ers. MacBeth is the only character to become closely associated with the witches. He acts on their revelations of the future, whereas Banquo does not. In allying MacBeth with the witches, Shakespeare makes MacBeth seem even more evil. After all, the witch es are the devils servants, and by associating with the witches, he is indirectly associated with Satan. Therefore, it would have been genuinely easy for Shakespeares audience to find him just as appalling as the witches themselves. Thus, one of the reasons for writing the witches into the play was to make MacBeth a more despicable villain. work Cited Scot, Reginald. The Discoverie of Witchcraft. Montague Summers Ed. Dover Publications New York, 1972. Shakespeare, William. MacBeth. Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine Ed. Washington Square Press New York, 1992.

Education in France Essay -- essays research papers

Education in FranceFrance is a nation focused on culture. It is in many ship canal the "cultural capital of the world". France has always been an inspiration for many artists. Due to its strong culture and former(a) moral factors, France is a country afraid of counterchange and its program line system is subject to this fear. In France today, the education system is very similar to what it has been in the past. As other nations take steps to reform and mitigate their educational facilities France must be unbidden to follow or they pull up stakes be left behind.In France the education system is run by the state, it is support by the state and is therefore essentially free. During a French education, emphasis is placed on the transfer of k directledge. This approach is different from the U.S. where the emphasis is placed on showing the excitement of learning and how the electric shaver can find information for him or herself. As in the U.S., education is separated into take aims that must be passed in a sequence to go on.      in that location are 5 levels of education in France. The branch level is called creche. The Creche is the equivalent of daycare in the U.S. The get along with range for the Creche is from birth to 3 years. The Creches purpose is to prepare childly children for the next level of education. After students complete their last year in the Creche they move on to the Maternelle. The Maternelle is the second level of education and is for children 3 to 5 years old. It is comparable to preschool in the U.S. (Lect. Notes 4 Sp.99). This level of education is when students are first introduced to education. After students successfully complete Maternelle they will move on the next step in their education called the Elementaire. The Elementaire lasts for 6 years so basically from the while children are 5 until they turn 11 they are in Elementaire. This level of education is similar to elementary school in the U.S. This is when students form bonds with other students and develop to learn what it takes to go forward in their education. After completing Elementaire students move on to the next level called Secondaire. Secondaire consists of two stages first is College and then Lycee. College is the same as middle school in the U.S. and students get wind for 4 years. This is when students begin to form their personality and start noticing the opposite sex. Students also begin to explore... ...France the only way to succeed your goal is to earn a degree. firearm education is important in France, it must be reformed to stay competitive with other nations educational systems. France now boasts the highest young unemployment rate among all other European countries. For this reason France must reform its current education system. In order for Frances education system to be reformed, it must change. This is a problem for a nation who doesnt accept change very often. In 1998 Frances minister o f education found a way to pose the dated educational system. He allocated 730 meg dollars to improve the educational system over the next four years. The minister hopes this money will lower the young unemployment rate in his country.Overall Frances education system is very similar to the USs. The major difference is that France places much more emphasis on the transfer of noesis while the U.S. tries to teach children how to learn on ones own and the excitement of learning. As education has advanced throughout the world, Frances fear of change has caused this nation to fall behind. With clean improvements Frances educational system will go back its power and integrity. Education in France Essay -- essays research papers Education in FranceFrance is a nation focused on culture. It is in many ways the "cultural capital of the world". France has always been an inspiration for many artists. Due to its strong culture and other moral factors, France is a coun try afraid of change and its education system is subject to this fear. In France today, the education system is very similar to what it has been in the past. As other nations take steps to reform and improve their educational facilities France must be willing to follow or they will be left behind.In France the education system is run by the state, it is supported by the state and is therefore basically free. During a French education, emphasis is placed on the transfer of knowledge. This approach is different from the U.S. where the emphasis is placed on showing the excitement of learning and how the child can find information for him or herself. As in the U.S., education is separated into levels that must be passed in a sequence to go on.     There are 5 levels of education in France. The first level is called Creche. The Creche is the equivalent of daycare in the U.S. The age range for the Creche is from birth to 3 years. The Creches purpose is to prepare young children for the next level of education. After students complete their last year in the Creche they move on to the Maternelle. The Maternelle is the second level of education and is for children 3 to 5 years old. It is comparable to preschool in the U.S. (Lect. Notes 4 Sp.99). This level of education is when students are first introduced to education. After students successfully complete Maternelle they will move on the next step in their education called the Elementaire. The Elementaire lasts for 6 years so basically from the time children are 5 until they turn 11 they are in Elementaire. This level of education is similar to elementary school in the U.S. This is when students form bonds with other students and begin to learn what it takes to go forward in their education. After completing Elementaire students move on to the next level called Secondaire. Secondaire consists of two stages first is College and then Lycee. College is the same as middle school in the U.S. and student s attend for 4 years. This is when students begin to form their personality and start noticing the opposite sex. Students also begin to explore... ...France the only way to achieve your goal is to earn a degree. While education is important in France, it must be reformed to stay competitive with other nations educational systems. France now boasts the highest young unemployment rate among all other European countries. For this reason France must reform its current education system. In order for Frances education system to be reformed, it must change. This is a problem for a nation who doesnt accept change very often. In 1998 Frances minister of education found a way to fix the dated educational system. He allocated 730 million dollars to improve the educational system over the next four years. The minister hopes this money will lower the young unemployment rate in his country.Overall Frances education system is very similar to the USs. The major difference is that France places muc h more emphasis on the transfer of knowledge while the U.S. tries to teach children how to learn on ones own and the excitement of learning. As education has advanced throughout the world, Frances fear of change has caused this nation to fall behind. With new improvements Frances educational system will regain its power and integrity.

Education in France Essay -- essays research papers

Education in FranceFrance is a nation focused on culture. It is in many ways the "cultural capital of the world". France has always been an inspiration for many artists. Due to its safe culture and other moral factors, France is a country afraid of neuter and its study establishment is subject to this fear. In France today, the learning system is in truth sympathetic to what it has been in the past. As other nations fruit flavours to tidy up and improve their educational facilities France mustiness be willing to follow or they will be left behind.In France the education system is run by the state, it is supported by the state and is therefore basically free. During a French education, strain is hardened on the transfer of knowledge. This approach is diverse from the U.S. where the emphasis is placed on showing the excitement of learning and how the child can find information for him or herself. As in the U.S., education is illogical into trains that must be pa ssed in a sequence to go on.     There are 5 levels of education in France. The cast downning(a) level is called Creche. The Creche is the alike of daycare in the U.S. The age range for the Creche is from birth to 3 age. The Creches purpose is to prepare young children for the near level of education. After students complete their blend in year in the Creche they move on to the Maternelle. The Maternelle is the second level of education and is for children 3 to 5 years old. It is comparable to preschool in the U.S. (Lect. Notes 4 Sp.99). This level of education is when students are first introduced to education. After students successfully complete Maternelle they will move on the next step in their education called the Elementaire. The Elementaire lasts for 6 years so basically from the time children are 5 until they turn 11 they are in Elementaire. This level of education is similar to elementary school in the U.S. This is when students form bonds with o ther students and begin to learn what it takes to go forward in their education. After completing Elementaire students move on to the next level called Secondaire. Secondaire consists of two stages first is College and then Lycee. College is the same as middle school in the U.S. and students attend for 4 years. This is when students begin to form their nature and start noticing the opposite sex. Students also begin to explore... ...France the only way to achieve your goal is to earn a degree. While education is important in France, it must be reformed to stay emulous with other nations educational systems. France now boasts the highest young unemployment rate among all other European countries. For this reason France must reform its current education system. In sound out for Frances education system to be reformed, it must change. This is a problem for a nation who doesnt accept change very often. In 1998 Frances minister of education show a way to fix the dated educational sys tem. He allocated 730 million dollars to improve the educational system over the next four years. The minister hopes this coin will lower the young unemployment rate in his country.Overall Frances education system is very similar to the USs. The major(ip) difference is that France places much more emphasis on the transfer of knowledge while the U.S. tries to teach children how to learn on ones own and the excitement of learning. As education has advanced throughout the world, Frances fear of change has caused this nation to fall behind. With new improvements Frances educational system will regain its power and integrity. Education in France Essay -- essays research papers Education in FranceFrance is a nation focused on culture. It is in many ways the "cultural capital of the world". France has always been an inspiration for many artists. Due to its strong culture and other moral factors, France is a country afraid of change and its education system is subj ect to this fear. In France today, the education system is very similar to what it has been in the past. As other nations take steps to reform and improve their educational facilities France must be willing to follow or they will be left behind.In France the education system is run by the state, it is supported by the state and is therefore basically free. During a French education, emphasis is placed on the transfer of knowledge. This approach is different from the U.S. where the emphasis is placed on showing the excitement of learning and how the child can find information for him or herself. As in the U.S., education is separated into levels that must be passed in a sequence to go on.     There are 5 levels of education in France. The first level is called Creche. The Creche is the equivalent of daycare in the U.S. The age range for the Creche is from birth to 3 years. The Creches purpose is to prepare young children for the next level of education. After stud ents complete their last year in the Creche they move on to the Maternelle. The Maternelle is the second level of education and is for children 3 to 5 years old. It is comparable to preschool in the U.S. (Lect. Notes 4 Sp.99). This level of education is when students are first introduced to education. After students successfully complete Maternelle they will move on the next step in their education called the Elementaire. The Elementaire lasts for 6 years so basically from the time children are 5 until they turn 11 they are in Elementaire. This level of education is similar to elementary school in the U.S. This is when students form bonds with other students and begin to learn what it takes to go forward in their education. After completing Elementaire students move on to the next level called Secondaire. Secondaire consists of two stages first is College and then Lycee. College is the same as middle school in the U.S. and students attend for 4 years. This is when students begin to form their personality and start noticing the opposite sex. Students also begin to explore... ...France the only way to achieve your goal is to earn a degree. While education is important in France, it must be reformed to stay competitive with other nations educational systems. France now boasts the highest young unemployment rate among all other European countries. For this reason France must reform its current education system. In order for Frances education system to be reformed, it must change. This is a problem for a nation who doesnt accept change very often. In 1998 Frances minister of education found a way to fix the dated educational system. He allocated 730 million dollars to improve the educational system over the next four years. The minister hopes this money will lower the young unemployment rate in his country.Overall Frances education system is very similar to the USs. The major difference is that France places much more emphasis on the transfer of knowledge while th e U.S. tries to teach children how to learn on ones own and the excitement of learning. As education has advanced throughout the world, Frances fear of change has caused this nation to fall behind. With new improvements Frances educational system will regain its power and integrity.

My Personal Thoughts on God, Ethics and Knowledge

The three comp mavinnts that make up my Christian worldview are God, ethics, and knowledge because they pass on mold my thinking, life experiences, accompanied with a wealth of knowledge by education and life decisions. Experience God and doing the leave alone God is one of those components. Because of my faith in God I have learned how to trust and opine on him unconditionally for everything. In addition being grateful for the trials and tribulations where miracles had the opportunity to be birthed into manifestation. For example, when my mother was hospitalized and my pager went off twenty times God was admonition me that trouble was ahead.I had cried for two weeks earlier before the incident and I thought I was mourning for my friends mother, who was hospitalized and in reality I was mourning my profess mothers death. One of the greatest decisions that I ever do was when I turned my life over to God and allowed his perfect will to follow into my world. By doing that it ga ve me the chance to gain a Christian education and commandments throughout the bible. Because without those teachings and understanding it would be impossible to understand things that happen in life otherwise, plainly he equips you at all times.The give voice of God has given us the road map to ethics, and the consequences for doing the right and wrong things in life. Ethics plays a lively role in this because it is the principle of dealing with what is right or wrong, and the morals that one possess. When you obey God he blesses you however if you disobey him he will allow a curse to come upon you. The obedience opens up doors that otherwise would have been closed. People tend to give you promote in life, and they dont even recognize why they are doing what they are doing at the time. I call this walking in the Fog or walking in the favor of God.When God tells you to give a person something and you dont even know why you are doing it. Like when I purchased a car to precede a round and do errands, but after I had done the repairs on the car God told me to give the car away. This was a car that I had salaried for with cash, and God instructed me to just give it away and dont look back. I did it because I am crazy for Jesus, and I dont contend any explanations, he is always there, just pay attention. The word of God is knowledge that can change your life as you get to know the word and doing the will of God. This knowledge is very important for your educational growth, and spiritual well being.God wants you to have a personal relationship with him, and wants us to open our patrol wagon and converse with him. He knows your story and how it will end up, your job is to just trust and depend on your heavenly father. He will reveal himself, his purpose for your life, and instructions once you invite him into your thoughts. God says to have faith the size of a mustard seed, and faith without works is dead. I have learned to contact him at his word and life will become a dream turned into reality. Without any knowledge it is impossible to please God, and there is not anything to give your beliefs and values on in life.Which is where you knowledge comes from, and there are different types of knowledge. For example, knowledge that you acquire in a career, or the knowledge of God from disbursement time with him in the word. My beliefs are based on the word of God, and the way he wants me to live. Because of me paying attention to the word of God I have made better decisions in my personal, academic and business life. The Word of God is the best teaching that anyone can receive when the mind opens up to receive the directions. By allowing God, his knowledge, and teaching me how to live an ethical lifestyle my life has become very fulfilling and broader.Gods Holy Spirit is our personal teacher to educate us on how to treat people, and live a life peacefully. You know do unto others as you would have them due unto you. He also wants us to love Him and confess our sins when we have committed one. The only way to know this for one self is to open your heart and mind and invite the Holy Spirit into your temple so that one can have a life changing experience for the good. My three components that make up this Christian worldview are God, ethics and knowledge because they have molded my thinking, life experiences accompanied with a wealth of knowledge through education and life decisions.

Odie clutched the can of orange juice

Odie clutched the can of orange juice. It was very cold against his palms which were very weteither from the coldness or the key pattern that was slowly forming in his callused hands. He had callused handshands which had been witnesses to the harsh realities of life and the absurdities of thingsof fate and of faith. Odie smiled upon remembering his hands.The hands of a warrior. He was watching the battlefield in front of himthe warriors were armed. Only a simple command from himtheir leaderand the thousands of warriors would be willing to sacrifice their lives for the survival of their tribe, of their nation.Odie raised his pay off hand, brandishing the gleaming sword in the airthe war has begun. He opened his mouth to give the command and a car screeched nearby and Odie was awakened from his day dreaming. He was no warrior and there was no sword.The can of orange juice had lost its coldness by then, and Odie walked up their pathway into the confines of his home. No, it was a hous e. No, it was also not a house. It was a tiny apartmentjust a very, very small space in this world where he can sleep, eat, take a bath, change clothes, and travel someone else.Odie stepped into his manner and looked at the computerthis is itthe moment when he stops from being the muddled and the ridiculed Odie. This is the moment when he stops from being the weird and get oer Odie. In fact, this is where he stops from being Odie altogetherhe can right off be anything and anyone whom he wants to be.The only thing in the world right now is the computer screen, the peck on-line who are impatiently waiting and clamoring for the attention of his other selfBrigade719.Odie logged on and Brigade719 has entered the world of cyberspace. He was now lost to the endless possibilities which can happen. He can be the warrior who brandishes the gleaming sword, he can be the courageous general who bravely stands on the front, he can be the destroyer of evil empires, and he can be the prince to the many princesses who are vying for his on-line attention.Odie clutched the can of orange juice. He walked slowly and wordlessly along the hallways of his universityno one was paying him any attention. If a person looked at him now, in a matter of seconds, he would probably be forgotten. He was small, scrawny, and shy. In the room, he barely spoke he barely talked even when he was addressed by his professors. Not that his professors actually talked to him.The average times of people actually addressing Odie would be the average times a Starbucks store would be closing downwhich to say, was rarely. Yet, he was mannequin and gentle. In fact, he was too kind and too gentle that people rendered him to be non-existent. But thats okay with Odiesince later on, in the confines of his tiny apartment, in that very messy roomhe becomes someone else.Odie logged on and Brigade719 has entered the world of cyberspace. There, in the screen, are over a hundred invitations to be his on-line frie nd. There, in the bright, bright screen, are over a thousand possibilities of showing his intelligence, his bravery, and his wit. Brigade719 smiled. He was readybringing his fingers closer to the keyboard, he took on the possibilities.

Marketing and B2b Internet Car

Motrada Handels GmbH, an internet/software service company in Austria, generally provides byplay-to-business remarketing elevator car trading service with an online application. The company is founded by Guillaume Hebrard- a professional sales person in car sales. While working in the automobile industry, Guillaume cognize the inefficiency and difficulty in second-hand car trading industry, he came up with the idea of establishing an online trading platform. The idea was taken into action in 2002 and the company was finally founded in Vienna/Austria by G Hebrard and a financial partner in 2005. Case Analysis I.Opportunities for Motrada Ltd. The Motrada platform, as a first B2B internet car effect marketplace, is completely a new idea to the electronic commerce market. As the founder of Motrada, Guillaume thought of the opportunity of cars transactions online, he defined this type of business as a gap in the market, which meant he would be the first to own the most chances. Prospe cts of B2B There are many reasons for Guillaume to choose B2B rather than B2C as the only method for Motrada platform. The B2B e-commerce environment is much to a greater extent(prenominal) promising Tthan B2C. First, the B2B mode is more professional than B2C.Being registered by professional business sellers and buyers, this type of platform is easier to manage. to the highest degree of registered customers have been working in the industry for years, so know the general situation about the industry. The website for B2B car trading can not only looks more professional but also more targeted. Secondly, by purchasing in large quantities and shortening the production cycle, the business can earn much more profits based on expenses minimization. Third, B2B mode occupies the absolute advantage and more market shares than other modes in e-commerce. B2B must be the main force in future e-commerce marketpla

Abnormal Psychology History Essay

Abnormal psychological science in clinical psychology studies the nature of psychopathology, its causes, and its treatments. Of course, the definition of what constitutes abnormal has varied across time and across cultures. Individuals also start out in what they regard asnormalor abnormal behavior. In general, abnormal psychology can be described as an area of psychology that studies people who are consistently unable to adapt and function effectively in a variety of conditions.The four main contributing factors to how well an man-to-man is able to adapt include their genetic makeup, physical condition, learning and reasoning, and socialization. HistoryThe history of how abnormal psychology, began with the research of the famous ancient Greek philosopher Plato in the fourth atomic number 6 B. C. During his time most believed that the strange behaviors and actions that psychologists study today were caused by wicked spirits. Plato believed this to be false and spoke his composit ions of these behaviors being caused by a natural madness, commonly caused by a disease.Unfortunately his words had no affect on the common people of his age. During the Dark Ages, the idea of the behaviors being caused by evil spirits escalated to the idea that people were being possessed by demons. Many people were exorcised by the churches or burned at the stake for possessing these demons. Over about one hundred thousand innocent people were killed for the same reasons by the Inquisition. It wasnt until early 19th century that the idea of evil spirits and demons was tossed aside, and the idea of these behaviors being caused by illnesses in the mind was finally embraced.Modern concepts of abnormality * Statistical abnormality when a certain behaviour/characteristic is relevant to a low percentage of the population. However, this does not necessarily mean that such individuals are suffering from moral illness (for example, statistical abnormalities such as extreme riches/attra ctiveness) * Psychometric abnormality when a certain behaviour/characteristic differs from the populations normal dispersion e. g. having an IQ of 35 could be classified as abnormal, as the population average is 100.However, this does not specify a particular mental illness. * Deviant behaviour this is not always a sign of mental illness, as it can occur without deviant behaviour, and such behaviour may occur in the absence of mental illness. * Combinations including distress, dysfunction, distorted psychological processes, inappropriate responses in given situations and causing/risking harm to oneself. .1Approaches * Somatogenic abnormality is seen as a result of biological disorders in the brain (Kraeplin, 1883).However, this approach has led to the development of bow biological treatments e. g. lobotomy. * Psychogenic abnormality is caused by psychological problems. This has led to slightly bizarre treatments. Mesmer used to put his patients in a darkened room with medicinal dr ug playing, then entered wearing a flamboyant outfit and pressed the infected body areas with a stick. It has also led to the development of hypnosis, psychoanalysis (Freud) and carthasis as psychological treatments, as well as humanism (Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow).

Economic Concepts Involved Essay

The economic concepts involved in this song are basically the acknowlight-emitting diodegment carts and the loans. Interest rates are also involved as well. Interest is charged by lenders as costs for the loss of the assets use. In the process of lending bills, the lender could have invested the funds instead of lending them out. With lending a large asset, the lender may have been able to bring income from the asset should they have decided to use it themselves.People started to take loans for housing purposes in America at that time. They wanted to buy houses or to invest these loans or to buy bonds so that they could get more money on returns. Investments are negatively related to interest rates. So when interest rates increases, investment ordain be high. They could also buy bonds with these loans. If interest rates are high, mensurate of money decreases and the bonds purchased by the people for future prospects will be of lesser value in present but when interest rates decl ines, bonds will be more profitable.THE FINANACIAL CRISIS IN AMERICAThe financial system in ground forces was coin by many factors among which the main was the change in ability to create new lines of credit rating. This made to dry up the reserve cash of the financial institutions and hinged their credit and ability to make new loans. Also, it must be noted that cheap credit made people to buy more houses or investments.This created more money in the market causing inflation. The increased loan packaging, market and incentives had prompted borrowers to presume difficult mortgages in the belief they would be able to quickly refinance at more favorable terms. But due to a drop in housing prices and rise in interest rate, difficulty in refinancing started. The consequences of this trend led to a huge loss of banks. The credit dried up, the housing market declined etc. The whole financial system was crushed.This song does not demonstrates the actual scenario of the USA crisis but it simply presents an outlook of a working man who is paying hard due to governments system.References-Cowboybleau, Single Review Shutting Detroit fell by John Rich. February 11, 2009.Available at http//countrycentral.wordpress.com/2009/02/11/single-review-shuttin-detroit-down-by-john-rich/Shakil-ur-Rahman,Mir. Overview of Economic Survey 2008-09.The NewsKarachi. June 12, 2009.Available at http//www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=182548Interest Rate at Investopedia. Available at http//www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp

Engineering codes of ethics, case scenarios, and societies that enforce them Essay

Ethics can be defined as a branch within the wider field of philosophy whose main concern is addressing the issue of incorruptity. Morality as a concept seeks to justify actions as good or bad, right or wrong and whether such actions ar justified and virtuous. Ethics in itself is divided into many categories which normally vary to suit the issue at hand. From a universal perspective, ethics can be widely grouped into theoretical and practical ethics. The theoretical aspect is concerned with theoretical meanings of moral propositions and the manner in which their right values can be as originaled.The practical aspect of ethics seeks to address the possibility of achieving moral outcomes in a given situation (Luegenbiehl, 2003). engine room ethics in this context is part of applied ethics that is skewed towards the examination and the particulariseting of standards concerning the duty of an form to the general public, how they should attend to their clients, their duty to thei r employer, and their obligation towards enhancing and obligateing the moral integrity of the design profession. Engineering as a profession is very various in terms of the possible branches one can venture into.This renewing make some of the engineer fields sh are only very limited principles. While near of these disciplines tend to complement each other, these engineers are rally to work in different environments. As such there cannot be a unifying code of ethics for the whole engineering fraternity. Ethical codes in this profession are largely dependent on the exact field of specialization and the jurisdiction of expend. Another factor that comes into play is whether an engineer is providing consultancy service to his clients or the engineer is an employee of a given manufacturing enterprise (Colby & Sullivan, 2008).In most countries, the engineers who attend to their clients are normally referred to as professional engineers and are usually licensed. They abide by codes t hat ensure professional ethics and to a larger extent governed by a number of statutes. Their counterparts who coiffure in the manufacturing industry exhaust to abide by certain laws, key among them being whistle blowing and also the law of product liability. Their practice leans more towards business ethics as compared to engineering ethics.Professional engineers are usually in private practice and are always responsible for drafting some of the codes of ethics that govern their profession. Engineers who practice in the industrial arena do not enjoy accreditation by the relevant government agencies. It is an arguable fact that despite the field and sector of practice, these engineers face similar ethical issues. confusable in the sense that they share the same root causes further only change slightly in form depending on the discipline and the sector of practice (Luegenbiehl, 2003).Engineering societies have for a long time drafted their own codes of ethics. These codes of eth ics have undergone a series of refinement over time in a bid to make them more viable to overcoming ethical issues. Such codes of ethics usually act as general guidelines since ethical issues are very diverse and as such some of these codes have to be adjusted to suit the situation at hand. In the United Kingdom, a notable example is the macrocosm of Civil Engineers (ICE), which chose to incorporate its ethical codes into the standards of conduct.The code of ethics in engineering basically seeks to ensure the wellbeing of the public, the clients in the case of a professional engineer, the employer for the engineers who practice in the industry, and for the enhancement of the moral integrity of the engineering profession (Colby & Sullivan, 2008). Any engineering profession is susceptible to a number of risks some of which may be detrimental to a wider section of the population. With this risk in mind, the first aim of an engineer is to ensure the safety and health, not only of the g eneral public but also for themselves and their workmates.Engineers are required to subscribe to principles that ensure sustainable development in the course of their undertakings. Since the engineering profession is very diverse, an engineer who may be very competent in his field of specialization may not be able to achieve much in another line of engineering. For most of the engineering societies around the world, there are basic ethical codes that they seem to share in common. A code of ethics in the field of engineering always restricts engineers to stick to their areas of specialization. This is to avoid exposing himself and the general public to the imminent danger.An engineer is required to speak the truth on the technical aspects of a job and maintain a professional relationship with the employer or his client. Conflict of interest is a sure way to compromise and as such should always be avoided by an engineer. An engineer is supposed to safeguard the integrity and the inter est of the engineering profession. In as much as an engineer is supposed to advance career wise, they have an obligation of ensuring professional growth for their juniors. According to the law of whistle blowing, an engineer is more obliged to safety than he is to the client or to his employer.This law requires the engineer to report cases where their employers or clients go wrong to follow their directions and in the process are exposing the public to potential danger. In some instances, some the relevant authorities fail to take action and this may end up in the engineer going public (Luegenbiehl, 2003). The most notable cases of disaster in the field of engineering have been caused by both technical and ethical issues. While some of these accidents have been due to technical aspects and design inadequacies, others have been due to inefficient care culture.Some of the cases that have been established to have an ethical dimension on their occurrence include the Chernobyl disaster , Bhopal disaster, Boston molasses accident, Johnstown Flood, just to mention but a fewer (Pfatteicher, 2001). Chernobyl disaster was an incident that took place in Ukraine, and it involved the meltdown in a nuclear reactor plant. This accident was to a larger extent beatified on human error. The personnel were blamed for using a limited operational reactivity margin. The disaster caused to the the great unwashed living within the neighbourhood was wide in gravity and most of the effects were of a long term nature.The mental health of the people was extremely affected cases of cancer were later inform to be rampant in the area. All these effects came about due to the irradiation of the area by radioactive material. The workers were also affected with more than cardinal losing their lives within a span of three months from the time of occurrence of the disaster. An advisory group that was later formed to look into the cause of this disaster blamed the people who were responsibl e for the design of the power plant.They failed to consider certain pertinent aspects of the design which could have prevented such an occurrence or which could have ensured that the accident did not decease to reach the level it did. It was realized that in the course of preparation and subsequent testing of turbine generators, it was done without the incorporation of systems that were responsible for technical protection. This was viewed to have been a suspension of the safety provisions that were required for the actual technical exercise (Pfatteicher, 2001).Some of the most outstanding organizations that are concerned with engineering ethics include the get of Civil Engineers (ICE) in the United Kingdom, the Canadian Society for Professional Engineers, and the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) which have been seen to be championing for the upholding of ethical practices within the engineering field. The reasons for their establishments are to ensure that engin eers in private practice, the government and in the manufacturing sector are able to subscribe to a common code of ethics within a given jurisdiction.Such bodies have certain punitive measures to their members in cases where ethics appear to have been sidelined in making decisions. To ensure that engineers adhere to such codes set by these organizations, it is mandatory to be registered with certain bodies within given jurisdictions to practice as an engineer (Haws, 2001). There has been a general drift towards formulating an all encompass code of ethics for all engineers throughout the world. This has been noted by the fact that the codes formulated by most societies throughout the world appear to be having certain similarities.While this appears to be a very noble idea, some room and allowances will have to be allowed to accommodate the different cultures in the world. It is deemed that developing a set of common ethical codes and supplementing it with additional entries that reg ard the cultural setting and the exact field of specialization within engineering. The codes should be set out in such a manner that no confusion can be reported within a given jurisdiction (Luegenbiehl, 2003). References Colby, A. , & Sullivan, W. M. 2008, Ethics Teaching in Undergraduate Engineering Education. Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 97. Haws, D. R. 2001, Ethics Instruction in Engineering Education a (Mini) Meta-analysis. Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 90. Luegenbiehl, H. C. 2003, Themes for an International Code of Engineering Ethics. Retrieved on 9th February 2010, from . Pfatteicher, S. K. , 2001, Teaching Vs. Preaching Ec2000 and the Engineering Ethics Dilemma. Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 90.

Mark Antony: Loyal Friend or Cunning Politician Essay

Mark Antony was a craftiness, strong-willed, and loyal Roman. He was a devoted friend to Caesar. He looked at smell as a game in which he had a significant part to play, and played that part with excellent refinement and skill.Antony was a devoted follower of Julius Caesar. Because he was a good friend, he was willing to be second hand to Caesar, the new king. Whilst Caesar would buzz off the king, the most valuable but least powerful turn in chess, he would become the rook, a semi-valuable, very important piece. He wanted the crown to be given to Caesar so that the political vacuum would be filled and no conflicts would occur. Antony was unsettled by Caesars death but mainly sought to use this to his advantage and gain power. He showed how clever and cunning he could be when he convinced the crowd at Caesars funeral ceremony to side with him and not with the murderers.The people became excited and rowdy when he teased them about the will, waving it in the air and pretending as if he was not going to read it. Antony took advantage of the public idiocy when he first gear pretended to respect the conspirators calling them honorable men, and then slowly proving that they were not. He spoke out against them because he wanted power for himself, and unlike Brutus, he was politically ambitious and so believed that if he could take control while the state was in turmoil, he will remain in power. He was alone in making this oration, showing he had the confidence and courage needed to take charge.Rome began to collapse once Caesar was killed, so Antony joined the new government in order to lead the Roman people into a new age of prosperity. He did this partly due to a feeling of responsibility as Caesars friend, and also from his own ambitions.Antony was viewed as a threat by all of the conspirators but Brutus. They wanted to kill Antony as well as Caesar because they feared that he would become as powerful as Caesar and possibly a dictator. Brutus persuaded the ot hers not to add to the assassination by saying, And for Mark Antony, animadvert not of him for he can do no more than Caesars arm when Caesars head is off(2.1). Brutus underestimated Antony and perceived him as a person who didnt always take life seriously, couldnt have a serious nature andtherefore, not a thinker.Brutus continued to argue with Cassius who did not believe him. Alas, good Cassius, do not think of him. If he loves Caesar, all that he can do is to himself take thought and die for Caesar. And that were much he should, for he is given to sports, to wildness, and much company (2.1). Brutus judged him as being frivolous, and simply liking sport and partying, with a reputation for womanizing. This caused Brutus to see Antony as a pushover and a force that could be molded to their uses. unluckily for Brutus and the conspirators he turned out to be quite the orator and the people immediately loved him.Antonys character was slow to emerge, and it wasnt until he was hale to show his true potential, that he could he really be judged. He was a character with many hidden traits until he was forced to show his real(a) character while trying to take the throne after Caesars death. Once he became a leader of Rome, his true character was uncovered.

Island Report

Purpose As requested, this report is an assessment of the suitability of Fiji Island for package holidays. The report summarizes the main attractions as well as the availability and accommodation. Location and access The Fiji islands are located in the Pacific Ocean off the eastern slide of Australia, therefore the most convenient way of traveling to the island is by plane or by boat. formerly on the island, traveling from the airport is possible by using the public transportation such as busses or taxis. Busses run from the airport or the center of the island to any attraction every 15 proceedings during the day and every1 hour during the night.Accommodation and restaurants The island aims to provide traditional and authentic Fiji accommodation. This is achieved through the use of bungalows instead of hotels with lined ceilings and thatched roofs. The leave behind is stylish, comfortable and caters for all tastes. There are a lot of restaurants on the island and Fijis food is a veritable melting pot of cultural influences from all over the world. However, because of the islands politics, most of the restaurants close sooner 10 pm and if tourists want a certain type of restaurant, they have to make a reticence in advance.Tourist attractions Fiji Island offers a wide range of attractions and activities that visitors enjoy such as sailing, scuba-diving, dolphin watching or shopping tours. Also, the island is provided with an open-air fitness where the tourists can relax. However, the prices of this facility are higher in the summer terminus due to the big number of visitors. Recommendation In conclusion, due to Fijis natural beauty as well as the modern facilities, it represents one of the most visited islands and would be able to provide the facilities necessary for a perfect packaged holiday.

Western Lowland Gorillas

western sandwich Lowland Gorillas October 23, 2009 Introduction When I was almost 14, I saw adept of the best movies. The movie was Gorillas in The Mist, starting Sigourney Weaver as Dian Fossey. It was one of the most impressive movies of my life. My step-mother at the time notice how must I liked the movie and impale me her very well torn copy of Gorillas in the Mist to read. I still have that guard and since the first time I read it, I have been fascinated with these great apes. This is way I believe they deserve funding to help them off of the endangered species list. Western Lowland Gorillas Biological requireHowever, in west Africa, where fruits tend to makes up the majority of the gorillas diet comp bed to those that plump in east Africa. Groups of gorillas brio in west Africa normally split into temporary feeding subgroups but are less vernacular in east Africa, as animals range far apart searching for the relatively scarce estimable fruit. There are some reports of sleeping subgroups however, they are rare. This may occur in the process of permanent splitting of a multi-male groups into two single male groups. Groups usually can range from 5 to 10 individuals, but some groups can accumulate as many as 20 to 32 animals. Csomos, 2008) home ground The habitat of the Western Lowland Gorilla is made up of primarily rainforests, swamp forest, thickets, forest edges, and clearings. Western Gorillas have been seen nesting in along the Savannah forest edge or in the Savannah itself. Although they levy the Savannah, it is not a permanent habitat for them. Western Gorillas inhabit areas that are typically lowland tropical forest at sea-level and up to 1,300 mm. (Beudels-Jamer, 2008) Food Other Life Forms and Interrelations Human Intrusions Humans are the gorillas greatest threat.Human intrusions of the gorillas habitats have caused a decline of the species. The trinity main threats that humans pose, commercial hunting, logging of the forest (which ha s increased poaching) and Human illnesses like the Ebola virus. According to studies new-made annual rate of decline in the gorillas was 4. 7 percent and mortality rates caused by the Ebola virus were as high as 80 percent. The gorillas DNA is 98 percent the same has humans. Any grippe or virus a human can carry or transmit the gorillas can catch. Since they live away from humans, any virus or flu can be deadly to them.The gorillas immune system does not have the ability to defend against any virus or flu that has been transmitted from humans. (Cosmos, 2008) Current Safeguards and Protections Additional Measures Going Unchecked The Congo basin has been recognized as a globally important factor in inter-continental weather patterns and for maintaining climate stability. The COMIFAC Convergence and the Congo Basin set Partnership have joined forces to protect the whole Congo Basin ecosystem. They will tack the vitamin C sequestration and storage, rainfall generation and the area s bio-diversity.The Western Lowland Gorillas ecological role must be interpreted into account. The Western Lowland Gorillas are keystone species in their forest habitats, so their protection is essential to semipermanent management of the Congo basin. (Cosmos, 2008) Conclusion Reference Page Beudels-Jamer, R. (2008) Western Lowland Gorilla. Retriever on family 25, 2009 from www. yog2009. org September 25, 2009 from www. animaldiversity. unnz. unnz. edu Western Lowland Gorilla Profile, (na) (nd) Retrieved on September 25, 2009 from www. animal. nationalgeographic. com

Comparison of Indirect Cost Multipliers for Vehicle Manufacturing Essay

This piece of music was prepargond as an account of work sponsored by an authority of the United States governing. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thitherof, nor The University of Chicago, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or expunges any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any in wee-weeation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not violate privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, Argonne depicted object Laboratory, or The Univer sity of Chicago.COMPARISON OF INDIRECT COST MULTIPLIERS FOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURING INTRODUCTION In the process of manufacturing and selling fomites, a manufacturer incurs certain follows. Among these termss are those incurred directly as a part of manufacturing operations and those incurred verifyingly in the processes of manufacturing and selling. The validatory tolls may be productionrelated, such as R&D and engine room business-related, such as corporate staff salaries and pensions or retail- gross sales-related, such as lead support and marketing. These indirect prices are recovered by allocating them to each fomite.Under a stable, high-volume production process, the allocation of these indirect be can be approximated as multipliers (or factors) applied to the direct greet of manufacturing. A manufacturer normally allocates indirect appeals to finished vehicles according to a corporation-specific pricing strategy. Because the volumes of sales and production set off a stray by model within a corporation, the internal corporate percent allocation of various write up categories (such as profit or corporate overhead) can vary widely among individual models. Approaches also vary across corporations.For our purposes, an average value is constructed, by content of a generic representative method, for vehicle models produced at high volume. To accomplish this, staff at Argonne National Laboratorys (ANLs) Center for expatriation research analyzed the conventional vehicle constitute structure and developed indirect appeal multipliers for passenger vehicles. This enumeration summarizes the results of an effort to compare and put on a super C basis the cost multipliers used in ANLs electric and loanblend electric vehicle cost estimation procedures with those resulting from two other methodologies. angiotensin converting enzyme of the two compared methodologies is derived from a 1996 presentation by Dr. Chris Borroni-Bird of Chrysler Corporation, th e other is by Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA), as draw in a 1995 report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Congress of the United States. The cost multipliers are used for scaling the component costs to retail damages. ANL METHODOLOGY The ANL methodology described here is innovationd on an depth psychology concerned with electric vehicle production and operating costs (Cuenca et al. 2000 Vyas et al. 1998).The analysis evaluated the cost structure for conventional vehicle manufacturing and retailing and assigned dole outs of the manufacturers suggested retail expense (MSRP) to various cost contributors. Multipliers developed from the ANL methodology are applied to the manufacturing cost of an individual component in order to scale the component cost to the retail price. Several cost contributors are included in the methodology, as summarized in board 1. Some of the vehicle components for electric and hybrid electric vehicles would be procured from ext ernal suppliers.This assumption is applied to electric drive components, excluding the battery the vehicle manufacturer would produce the rest. Thus, two cost multipliers, one for the components manufactured internally and the other for outsourced components, are necessary to estimate the price of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Outside suppliers would incur most of the costs normally borne by the vehicle manufacturer. In the ANL methodology, we assume that the costs of Warranty, R&D/Engineering, and Depreciation and Amortization are borne by the Page 1 suppliers of outsourced components.The outdoors suppliers would include these costs in their prices. The pursuance two cost multipliers are computed by using toll of Manufacture as the base follow multiplier for components manufactured internally = 100/50 = 2. 00. make up multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(50 + 6. 5 + 5. 5 + 5) = 1. 50. Table 1 indorsers to manufacturers Suggested Retail expenditure in ANL m ethodology bell grade Cost Contributor Relative to Share of Cost of vehicle MSRP Manufacturing (%) fomite Manufacturing Cost of Manufacture 1. 00 50. 0 Production command processing overhead time Warranty 0. 10 5. 0 R&D/Engineering 0.13 6. 5 Depreciation and Amortization 0. 11 5. 5 incorporated strike Corporate crash, Retirement and 0. 14 7. 0 Health interchange Distribution, Marketing, star 0. 47 23. 5 Support, and Dealer Discount Sum of cost 1. 95 97. 5 gather Profit 0. 05 2. 5 Total ploughshare to 2. 00 100. 0 MSRP METHODOLOGY DERIVED FROM BORRONI-BIRD PRESENTATION In his presentation, entit lead self-propelling Fuel Cell Requirements, at the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers Coordination Meeting, Borroni-Bird included charts on the Typical American railway car monetary value/Cost Breakdown. The charts provided a graphical breakdown of vehicle price, showing cost contributors and profit. We used the charts to arrive at percentage shares of vehicle price by various contributors. Table 2 shows the resulting allocation. Page 2 Table 2 equipment casualty/Cost Breakdown Based on Borroni-Bird Presentation Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Fixed Cost Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP a Material Cost throng Labor and Other Manufacturing a Costs Transportation/Warranty Amortization and Depreciation, Engineering R&D, Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead Price Discounts Dealer Markup Automobile Profit.Relative to Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 87 0. 13 0. 09 0. 44 Share of MSRP (%) 42. 5 6. 5 4. 5 21. 5 0. 10 0. 36 1. 99 0. 06 2. 05 5. 0 17. 5 97. 5 2. 5 100. 0 These two contributors are scaled to sum to 1 in the trio column, as in Table 1. In his presentation, Borroni-Bird did not evaluate the treatment of in-house or outsourced components. His methodology does not lend itself to easy computation of cost multipliers comparable with those in the ANL methodology, unless we make a few assumptions.We dedi cate assumed that Material Cost, taken together with Assembly Labor and Other Manufacturing Costs, would form the Vehicle Manufacturing base for the in-house components. The costs of Transportation/Warranty, Amortization and Depreciation, and Engineering R&D would be borne by the suppliers of outsourced components. However, Amortization and Depreciation and Engineering R&D costs were merged with Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead costs by Borroni-Bird.We assumed that half of the costs under this category would be borne by the suppliers of outsourced components. Our assumptions led to the following cost multipliers Cost multiplier for components manufactured internally = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5) = 2. 05. Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5 + 4. 5 + 10. 75) = 1. 56. These cost multipliers are very similar to those computed with the ANL methodology. Comparison of ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies The development from Tables 1 and 2 is shown in term s of cost categories in Table 3. Both methodologies use vehicle manufacturing cost as the base and add other costs to it.The share of MSRP attributable to Vehicle Manufacturing is 50% in the ANL methodology, compared with 49% in the Borroni-Bird Methodology. Borroni-Bird combined several cost contributors under Fixed Cost. These contributors include (see Table 2) Amortization and Depreciation, Engineering R&D, Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead. Except for the inclusion of Advertising, Production Overhead and Corporate Overhead in the ANL methodology can be combined to form an equivalent category. ANLs organic of 24% by production Page 3.and corporate overheads is slightly lower than the total of 26% by Borroni-Bird. The ANL category of Selling, which includes Distribution, Marketing, Dealer Support, and Dealer Discount, is broader than that of Price Discounts and Dealer Markup specified by BorroniBird, and this categorys contribution is understandably slightly hi gher in the ANL methodology. The share of MSRP by Profit is the same in some(prenominal) methodologies. The absolute differences, computed as ANL value deduction Borroni-Bird value, are 1% for Vehicle Manufacturing, 2% for Fixed Cost, and 1% for Selling cost.Table 3 Comparison of Vehicle Price/Cost Allocation by ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP EEA METHODOLOGY The methodology of Energy and Environmental Analysis is summarized in the OTA report OTAETI-638, entitled Advanced Automotive Technology Visions of a Super-Efficient Family Car, published in September 1995. The values of some cost contributors are not listed in the report.Moreover, depreciation, amortization, and tooling expenses are assumed to be case-specific and therefore must be computed for each case. In order to make the EEA and ANL methodologies comparable, some assumptions were necessary. These assumptions are described in the synopsis below. The EEA cost equations can be simplified as follows Cost of Manufacture = variableness Cost ? 1 + Division Overhead Manufacturer Cost = Cost of Manufacture + Assembly Labor + Assembly Overhead ? 1 + Manufacturing Overhead + Manufacturing Profit + Engineering write off + Tooling Expense + Facilities Expense Retail Price Equivalent = Manufacturer Cost ?1 + Dealer perimeter Borroni-Bird Methodology Share of Cost Contributor or Category Share of MSRP (%) MSRP (%) 50. 0 Vehicle Manufacturing 49. 0 17. 0 Fixed Cost 26. 0 7. 0 23. 5 Selling 22. 5 97. 5 Sum of Costs 97. 5 2. 5 Automobile Profit 2. 5 100. 0 MSRP 100. 0 Page 4 The report lists the following values for overhead, profit, and dealer margin Division Overhead = Supplier Overhead = 0. 20 (We assume that division and supplier overheads are equal only the supplier overhead is given in the report. ) Manufacturing Overhead = 0. 25 Manufacturing Profit = 0.20 Dealer M argin = 0. 25 Because the documentation in the OTA report does not provide values for Assembly Labor, Assembly Overhead, Engineering Expense, Tooling Expense, and Facilities Expense, cost multipliers cannot be computed directly from these data. The Assembly Labor and Assembly Overhead share of MSRP is 6. 5% in Borroni-Birds presentation. The engineering, tooling, and facilities expenses can be taken as the sum of R&D/Engineering and Depreciation and Amortization from the ANL methodology, at 12% of the MSRP.In deriving the division cost and price alliance below, we use the term Retail Price Equivalent (RPE) from the OTA report instead of MSRP. The RPE can be computed as follows RPE = = = Division Cost ? 1. 2 + 0. 065 RPE ? 1. 45 + 0. 12 RPE ? 1. 25 Division Cost ? 2. 175 + 0. 268 RPE Division Cost ? 2. 175/(1 0. 268) = Division Cost ? 2. 97 Putting ANL and EEA Methodologies on a Common root word As it was described in the OTA report, the EEA methodology did not provide enough data to compute the cost multipliers.We assumed some cost shares to be the same between the EEA, Borroni-Bird, and ANL methodologies while developing the above relationship between Division Cost and RPE. The EEA methodology is based on the material and labor costs of a division of the vehicle manufacturer, with other costs added on. The ANL methodology evaluates an assembled vehicle, using the vehicle manufacturing cost as the base cost. The ANL methodology also assigns additional costs to the outsourced components, whereas the treatment of such components is not clear in the EEA methodology.We have attempted to develop a common basis for the ANL and EEA methodologies by assigning shares of the final vehicle price, RPE in the EEA methodology, to individual cost categories similar to those listed in Table 1. Table 4 presents such a summary for the EEA methodology. Three cost contributors, Division Cost, Division Overhead, and Assembly Labor and Overhead, are combined under the Vehicle Ma nufacturing category. Two cost contributors, Manufacturing Overhead and Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses, combine to form the Overhead category.The Dealer Margin in the EEA methodology represents a factor applied to all manufacturer costs and profit. We assumed that this factor represents all costs of selling the vehicle. Although the profit is computed at the manufacturing level by EEA, we moved the profit to the bottom of the table to be consistent with prior tables. The cost allocation in Table 4 allows us to compute the in-house components cost multiplier as follows Cost multiplier for in-house components = 100/(33. 7 + 6. 7 + 6. 5) = 2. 14 Page 5 To compute the cost multiplier for an outsourced component, one more assumption is necessary.In the ANL methodology, we assumed that the supplier leave alone bear the costs of Warranty, R&D Engineering, and Depreciation and Amortization. However, the EEA methodology does not identify the warranty cost separately. We assu med it to be half of Manufacturing Overhead at 5. 05%. This, with the earlier assumption related to Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses, led to the following computation Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(33. 7 + 6. 7 + 6. 5 + 5. 05 + 12) = 1. 56These multipliers, adapted from our source of the EEA information on vehicle costs, are very close to those derived from the ANL and Borroni-Bird methodologies. Table 4 Contributors to Retail Price Equivalent in EEA Methodology Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit Manufacturing Profit Total Contribution to RPE a Division Cost a Division Overhead Assembly Labor and a Overhead Manufacturing Overhead Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses Dealer Margin Relative to Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 72 0. 14 0. 14 0. 22 0. 26 0. 49 1. 97 0. 17 2. 14 Share of RPE (%) 33. 7 6. 7 6. 5 10. 1 12. 0 22.9 91. 9 8. 1 100. 0 These three cost contributors are scaled to su m to 1 in the third column, as in Table 1. Comparison of ANL and EEA Methodologies The information from Tables 1 and 4 is presented in terms of cost categories in Table 5 for easy comparison. The Vehicle Manufacturing cost share is 46. 9% in the EEA methodology, compared with 50% in the ANL methodology. EEAs RPE share of 22. 1% by overhead is lower than the ANL value of 24%. The cost of selling is 22. 9% in the EEA methodology, which is close to the ANL value of 23. 5%. The largest difference is in the RPE share by profit, which is 8.1% in the EEA methodology, more than three times the ANL value of 2. 5%. According to Economic Indicators The beat back Vehicles Role in the U. S. Economy (American Automobile Manufacturers Association 1998), the average net income before taxes for the three domestic manufacturers was 3. 9% during 1994-1997. Aside from vehicle sales, this value (3. 9%) includes income from spare parts sales and vehicle financing. Thus, the profit share appears very hi gh in the EEA methodology. The absolute differences computed as ANL value minus EEA value are 3. 1% for component/material cost, 1.9% for overhead, 0. 6% for selling, and 5. 6% for profit. Page 6 Table 5 Comparison of Price Allocation by ANL and EEA Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP SUMMARY An attempt to put three methodologies for automobile cost allocation on a common basis is presented in this technical memorandum. This comparison was carried out to verify the reasonableness of the cost multipliers used in ANLs cost models for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.When put into a common format, by means of certain assumptions, the three approaches yielded the cost multipliers provided in Table 6. Table 6 Summary of Cost Multipliers Computed on a Common Basis Multiplier for In-House Components Outsourced Components ACKNOWLEDGMENT Funding for the analysi s presented here was provided by the prep and Assessment function of the Office of Transportation Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy, managed by Dr. Philip Patterson. This technical memorandum is produced under U. S. Government contract No.W-31-109-Eng-38. REFERENCES American Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1998, Economic Indicators The Motor Vehicles Role in the U. S. Economy, Detroit, Mich. Borroni-Bird, C. , 1996, Automotive Fuel Cell Requirements, Proceedings of the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers Coordination Meeting, U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, Washington, D. C. ANL 2. 00 1. 50 Borroni-Bird 2. 05 1. 56 EEA 2. 14 1. 56 EEA Methodology Share of Cost Contributor or Category MSRP (%) 50. 0 Vehicle Manufacturing 17.0 Overhead 7. 0 23. 5 Selling 97. 5 Sum of Costs 2. 5 Profit 100. 0 RPE Share of RPE (%) 46. 9 22. 1 22. 9 91. 9 8. 1 100. 0 Page 7 Cuenca, R. M. , L. L. Gaines, and A. D. Vyas, 2000, Evaluation o f Electric Vehicle Production and Operating Costs, Argonne National Laboratory radical ANL/ESD-41, Argonne, Ill. (to be published). Vyas, A. , R. Cuenca, and L. Gaines, 1998, An Assessment of Electric Vehicle sustenance Cycle Costs to Consumers, Proceedings of the 1998 Total Life Cycle Conference, SAE International Report P339, Warrendale, Penn. , pp. 161-172.

Personal freedom Essay

The personalized license nonion has changed vastly over the years from the harm principle to the notion of basic right ons. Cobley all toldude that in this day and age, these principles willing not impart us to stand maximum independence. On the some other hand, suggest that only by giving up all our freedom to the governwork forcet, then we provide maximize our freedom. I am generally convinced by his reasons why total freedom should be given over to the government as the democratic government has proven to be able to fully optimize the freedom of our society. From paragraph 5 in line 58-61, Cobley suggest ill-health ignorancefactors are the factors preventing fitity and liberty. He believes that fraternity will help to reconcile both factors and eventually allow liberty. This is because these factors allow the clever and the strong to gain unfair advantages. And only by caring for each other, these unfair advantages will be shared equally, and hence allow equal opp ortunities for all. By allowing equal opportunities for all, this allows the people to have freedom to compete equally. I am largely not convinced by his view of freedom, as it is an ideal state and not practical. In coordinate to get the general rich population to share their advantage to the disadvantage is improbable and far from practical. This is because men are generally selfish and to care for complete strangers is not common in society.This point suffer be further strengthening by numerous examples of the stronger and smarter not caring- precisely exploiting the poor. For example, many years stomach in capital of Singapore, it was revealed that the chief executive officer of NKF a charity blood misused the finds of the charity to fund his luxurious lifestyle. This goes to show that the rich in general are unlikely fag enddidates to show their care and business organisation for the poor. I however looking this responsibility should be given to the government throug h means much(prenominal) as heavy taxes onto the rich. I feel that this is the only way to ensure freedom to have equal opportunities for both the poor and rich. Therefore I believe we should surrender our claims to freedom to the government so that they can help re-distribute this income and ensure freedom is maximized. Hence, I disagree with the authors view that by get the rich to show concern to the poor ensures freedom as this is not practical and merely ideal. In paragraph 3 Cobley discussed that freedom should be surrendered to the government if the laws passed down are deemed as acceptable and not to override certain basic freedom.For example, basic rights such as theright to live or worship. Cobley at the end of the passage however expresses his view that he is not in favor of it. I am too largely in agreement with his view because these basic rights are stark to define. Everyone have their own view of a basic right and this often stems from religious beliefs. This would make it very hard for the government to decide on something common as there would bound to be people unsatisfied. For example, Singapore recently passed down a censorship law on websites with high viewership. Their rationale to it was that they feel these websites should be socially responsible to the public. Hence information should be censored. However others argue that these laws infringe the basic right to freedom of speech therefore causing unhappiness to these people. Henceforth I feel that freedom should be fully surrendered to the government as to have basic rights is impossible to define due to the various views of a basic right. Thus it is dear to me to give full autonomy of freedom to the government. In paragraph 6, Cobley feels that he should surrender my so-called libertyto its laws and restrictions.Cobley feels that all his freedom should be given to the government to control and restrict. He further adds on that any division intowrong. Thus, further strengthening h is viewpoint that more should be make to give our freedom to the government. I am largely in agreement with his view because I feel the democratically chosen state is best able to represent the people. This is because the government best represent the majority, and bigcosm the one in-charge of the state they are too able to see the country in a macro perspective. Thus, making them capable of making decisions to ensure that both short-term and long-term the country benefits overall. In sum total if we continue to erect barriers, we can see the society being more dis-united and having more of our freedom restricted.For example, we can see in Russia where drinking is a problem roads are becoming unsafe and the freedom of innocent passer-bys are compromised just so as to give the Russians freedom to drink. If more was through to curb drinking, this can result in not only the lives of these passer-bys to have more freedom but also the families of these drinkers. Not only would the ses families have more disposable income freedom to spend but also potentially more freedom of safety from these drunkards. Thus, this clearly shows how we should give full freedom to the government so that we would have more freedom as the government is betterable to assess the situation. Henceforth, it is only beneficial to me that total freedom is given to the government. In conclusion, I agree with the author that e should give all claims to individual freedom to the government.

Boumediene V. Bush: an Unconstitutional Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus

Kevin C March 26, 2013 US History I Honors Boumediene v. Bush The United States is a free country that was forged out of the positive English Monarchy. Thomas Jefferson wrote that All men be created equal, that they argon endowed by their Creator with authorized unalienable regenerates (Declaration of Independence). Those rights are represented in the United States record which is the foundation which strongly up nourishs American ideals and beliefs.Although the Constitution does non always apply to foreigners, Boumediene and the other detainees at Guantanamo verbalise deserve habeas head rights because it is a perfect linguistic rule that applies to alwaysyone, regardless of state or nationality. The final decision that was made by the US irresponsible approach was the correct one because they realized that Guantanamo is under US jurisdiction, the DTA provides an inadequate substitution to habeas lead, and that MCA does violate the shift clause of the Constitution. In 2008, Boumediene, a captive at Guantanamo Bay had his habeas star rights denied by the D.C. District apostrophize and the appellate Court based on bills passed by Congress. The founding fathers specific anyy state in clause 1, Section 9 that congress shall not pass any bill that restricts habeas corpus rights. The detainees at Guantanamo Bay live in cells for twenty-three hours of the day. They are in constant fear of beingness abused and tortured, mentally and physically by the guards and many have been at the naval base for all over five years. Among all the detainees, none have been given access to any type of tribunal board to hear what their being convicted of.The biggest problem is that all of them have been denied habeas corpus rights which effectively allows the Executive stolon of the US political relation to hold them indefinitely. The United States has adopted many of Englands traditions. One of which are habeas corpus rights derived from the Magna Carta signed in 1215. However, when the representative reached the District Court, the Bush administration plead their case stating that Guantanamo Bay was not on Sovereign US soil, therefore, the protection of habeas corpus could not be granted to the etainees. However, flavor back in history to the English, they were in a similar predicament. India was officially a expound of the British Empire in 1858, however, the British had employed the country since the 1700s with a heavy military presence. Despite India not becoming an official part of the British Empire, the Writ of Habeas Corpus was being incorporated into their political science since the dawn of the nineteenth century. The Indian government were allowed to hear cases of habeas corpus since 1773.But, it was not until 1775 when it was actually first used by chief justice, Sir Elijah Impey to question his handle by Governor-General Warren Hastings at the Calcutta lordly Court (A. G Noorani). The British allowed Indian prisoners the right of habeas corpus even though they did not have sovereignty of the country. This example in history sets case law that if a country occupies a territory with a heavy military presence, then the right of habeas corpus shall be extended as well. The arrogant Court agrees because they voted in a 6-3 majority in the case, Rasul v.Bush. Supreme Court Justice Stevens issued his concurring opinion which stated that the detainees have never been afforded access to any tribunal, more than less charged with and convicted of wrongdoingthey have been imprisoned in territory over which the United States perform exclusive jurisdiction and control (Stevens, Opinion of the Court, 542 U. S. ). The Supreme Court ultimately decided that since the US government maintained a strong military presence and holds an indefinite lease over the area, it therefore had get along jurisdiction and control over the base in Cuba.Because the US government had complete jurisdiction over the base, ultimate so vereignty, which is granted to Cuba, holds no weight in the argument. This essentially makes Guantanamo Bay part of the US and not Cuba, which means Sovereign US laws should apply there, the same as it would to any US State or territory. The respondents stated to the Appeals Court that detainees are given a fair alternative to habeas corpus rights. However, these alternatives do not protect the detainee as fully as habeas corpus would.The respondents stated that the Combat Status check into Tribunals (CSRT), which were established by the Defense Department, were put into place for the sole purpose of hearing the cases of the detainees. However, there are many flaws in having such a system determine the legality of ones detention. The Supreme Court recognizes that the CSRT process for hearing cases puts many constraints upon the detainees ability to rebut the factual priming coat for the Governments assertion that he is an enemy combatant (Boumediene v. Bush, 476F. 3d981).Some flaw s the court points out is that the CSRT assumes that the detainees are nefarious before the trial has even started and it is all up to the detainee to prove that they are in fact, not enemy combatants. This goes against the typical US court proceedings when all suspects are presumed innocent until proven otherwise. The incline shown by the members of the CSRT puts the detainees at a disadvantage. Furthermore, while many of the detainees have a limited knowledge of English, they are not given the specifics as to what crimes they are being charged with because the information may be classified.Additionally, with no textual evidence, the detainees often go into the CSRT board empty handed and without legal representation. Not only do the proceedings of the CSRT seem unfair, it also seems to be designed to intentionally make it difficult for detainees to atomic number 16ure their freedom. advance back to the respondents original claim, if the CSRT is essentially a substitute for hab eas corpus, why not just use habeas corpus? Habeas corpus has been around since 1215 and has survived in the US Government for over 300 years for a priming coat it is an effective way for race to question the legality of their detention by the government.The Military Commissions Act (MCA) of 2006 was an amendment to the detainee Treatment Act (DTA) which would have disallowed Federal Courts to hear writs of habeas corpus from the detainees at Guantanamo Bay. The US Supreme Court decided that because the DTA was an inadequate substitution for habeas corpus, then the MCA cannot strip away Federal courts jurisdiction to hear habeas corpus cases. The reason behind this is that it would then be an unconstitutional suspension of the writ of habeas corpus because it violates the Suspension Clause.At the Appellate Court, the respondents (Bush) stated that the Suspension Clause is an individual right granted only to US citizens. However, while looking at the text of the Suspension Clause in context, it states The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the Public Safety may require it (US Constitution, art 1, sec 9). The Supreme Court counters the respondents argument by stating that the Suspension Clause is meant to be a limitation to Congresses powers and not something that applies to individuals.Nevertheless, nowhere in that phrase do the words individual or citizen ever show up. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that the Suspension Clause only applies to US citizens and that it is not a cosmopolitan right to anyone being held under US jurisdiction. Additionally, the founding fathers placed the Suspension Clause in clause 1, Section 9 in the Constitution. This is important because if the founding fathers specifically intended to apply the Suspension Clause to US citizens only, then they would have placed it in the Bill of Rights which are specifically reserved for the people to protect them again st the government.Furthermore, the rest of the clauses in Article 1, Section 9 specifically state what types of activities that the Legislative Branch cannot do. Hence, the Suspension Clause, because of its placement, was intended to be a limitation upon the abuse of power by the Legislative Branch. Lastly, the principle of separation of powers came from the idea that each branch would be able to check one another. The MCA effectively loot the Judiciary Branch to do its job therefore is also unconstitutional.

Withdrawal Are Soliders from Iraq or Stay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Withdrawal Are Soliders from Iraq or Stay - Essay ExampleThe war has created an out of the blue resilient insurgency in Iraq as well as sectarian violence. Although a new Iraki government was formed, government in the Anbar province has collapsed and a Marine analyst has recently concluded in that respect is nada the U.S. can do to improve the situation politically or socially there (Ricks A01). Without a clear rationale or evidence of weapons of mass destruction, and with more proof that Saddam Hussein had nothing to do with Al Qaeda, the Iraq war is looking more and more irrelevant to the war on scourge in the eyes of the American public.If U.S. troops are not somehow extricated from Iraq, it appears the situation there leave alone only worsen. Daily bombings of U.S. troops can continue to be expected, as there seems to be no way to eliminate this type of attack. The insurgency grows stronger as a generation of people in the philia East view the U.S. as occupiers. The growin g violence between Sunnis and Shiites is increasingly endangering the ordinary people of Iraq.Opponents of puff out of Iraq have many legitimate concerns and claims. For instance, some insist America would be admitting defeat to the terrorists by leaving Iraq. Some claim the U.S. troops are needed in Iraq in order to match a democratic government is established there. There is also the claim that since there have been no more attacks on American soil since 9-11, this shows that the war in Iraq is working as a deterrent. some other claim is that keeping troops in Iraq provides Al Qaeda groups with an overseas target in the ongoing terror war, making the American public safer at home, by bringing the war to the enemy.Each of these concerns and claims should be considered during a pullout of troops from Iraq. The stigma of defeat is harmful to the U.S. image, but the message sent to the field when America conducted a pre-emptive strike against a country was far more damaging to its image and roundabout a destabilizing

Apple vs. Samsung Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

orchard apple tree vs. Samsung - Research Proposal ExampleThe comparison between the Apple and Samsung companies is their uniqueness that makes them lead the technological market. The book value of Apple Inc. has never been witnessed in any of the corporations. After Apple trading with XOM (Exxon Mobil Corporation), its sh ar has risen while that of XOM has fallen. This has seen Apple Inc. getting an advantage of close to $ 200 billion. The scatter created by Apple, has made it that even combination of 15 corporations market capitalizations cannot defeat it. On the other hand, Samsung contributes approximately 1/6 of South Koreas Gross Domestic Product. Samsung has got into so many distinct businesses divergence only a few businesses that might be termed as irrelevant. An example of the main businesses that Samsung has ventured in includes carriage insurance (colossal), ship building and construction. All these are additional to what it is silk hat known of Samsung Electronics ( McFarlane, 2015).The results of this research are to compare the companies Apple and Samsung. The comparison go forth be based on the employment potential of the ii companies in terms of number and quality (Edwards, 2014). The research will also help determine which of the two companies have better investment prospects (Ante and Connors, 2013). This will assist in the determining the companies that one can best invest in. It will also help in the finding of which company gives its employees the best benefits (Kasewurm, 2006 Apple, 2015 Samsung, 2015). This research will also help determine the environmental practices that are practiced by Apple and Samsung and compare them (Batra, 2013).My cogency as a writer is that I have a great experience in make-up having written several reports. My writings normally focus on questions that are anticipated by the teacher and the readers. I always base my work on the data and it is always applied logic in it (Thonney, 2003). My experience w ill enable the

Business information system Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business information system - Case Study eventn the case study with regard to their course and the benefits a management student expects to gain (BIS 2011, Abramowicz, Maciaszek, Wecel & foreign throng on Business action and Services Computing, 2011).It means different things to different people. However, they vary in approach, structure and style. The situation must be dealt well by the student learning in purpose making and role manager situation. Several alternatives can be chosen in courses of action in the described situation being faced by the decision maker. However, there atomic number 18 no answers which are correct and unique in the method of case study. Class large root word discussions, small group discussion, and individual education are the three stages of case study method comprising of different roles (BIS 2011, Abramowicz, Maciaszek, Wecel & International Conference on Business Process and Services Computing, 2011).Before each class, students intensive prepar ation is required in the method unlike teaching based on the lecture. First the case should be read thoroughly and severally to grasp the described situation with the facts being familiarized and important exposition of the student noted (Sharma, 2014). Thorough understanding must be acquired by the student, main protagonist appointment and their relationship keeping in mind the different kinds of presentation in the case study. Speculation (non corroborate information), assumptions generated during discussion and case abridgment and inferences which represents the judgment of individuals in a situation given. However, they are not equally valuable. Upon reliance on the facts, quality decisions can be seen (BIS 2011, Abramowicz, Maciaszek, Wecel & International Conference on Business Process and Services Computing, 2011).Internal evaluation part might be a case written analysis and must be properly structured when needed by a student. A structure of precise guidelines may be p rovided by the instructor. However, a neat and

How are the index number used to display economics or financial data Essay

How ar the tycoon number used to display economics or financial data Identify or so examples to illustrate your answer - Essay Exampleassigned a value of unity, or even 100, in some reference period, and the value of other advocator for other given periods of time atomic number 18 intend to indicate the average proportionate or even the percentage change in legal injury from this price reference period. For example if a given product is costing thrice as much as in 1990 as it did in 1980, its index finger could be taken to be 300 clock relation to 1980.Price indices can be used to measure differences in price levels between different regions, countries and cities at the same point in time. For example, the Bic Mac price have been noted to occur in mainland China at 51% reduction from U.S. prices. Considering such indices, it can be possible to forecast currency values. establish on this illustration China currency is undervalued and provides a currency investment opportunity .The price indices have cardinal important characteristics. They atomic number 18 published frequently, normally all month but at times every quarter. They are available quickly, about two weeks after the end of the month or quarter. They are usually not revised, and they are closely monitored hence attracts a lot of publicity (Moulton et al, 2002).As a extend of continuous publication, the price index provides timely information about the rate of inflation, and at times they are used to provide a wide variety of purposes, in addition to indexing wages. For example, consumer price indices are used to index other payments such as interest payment or rents, and at times the price of bonds. They are also used to provide index pensions and social security benefits.There are different kinds of index of numbers that can be used. Most economists and compliers of consumer price index agree that the index formula to be used should belong to a small class of indices called superlative in dices (Turvey, 2004). This superlative index is expected to provide an approximation to a cost of living index. The main feature of superlative index is that it treats both periods being compared

Principles of coaching and practice in sport Essay

Principles of instruct and practice in sport - Essay ExampleThe ascendant dominance on older and more proficient athletes was related to a relationship to coaching behaviors that forceful negative feedback as opposed to positive encouragement (Coach burn out). As the athlete becomes more thoroughgoing(a) their loss of control buns be perceived as dominance. At the other end of the cuticle is the democratic style of coaching. In this style, the coach mandates the overall goals and training requirements of the athletes. The athletes have more freedom to select and make suggestions for their training as well as the strategy of play. The democratic coach will cerebrate these inputs from the players and weigh them into the final decision. Professional players who have reached a high level of competency may be allowed to simply play the game using their own best judgment. As with the autocratic style, the democratic is as well broken down into two subgroups. These atomic number 1 8 the sharing and the allowing style. In the allowing style, the athletes are given much great opportunity to make their own decisions on the training and objectives. In both groups, players choose the training seance and the coach approves it based on rationality and safety. This style is appropriate where the players have sufficient skill and endure to make independent decisions. It may also be a useful style when the outcome is non highly critical such as participation simply for leisure activity. One such coaching method is the command style. The coach is a commander and the player is the receiver of the instruction. According to Brian Grasso (n.d.), President of ontogeny Athletics, Coaches who display this habit believe that coaching success is based on how well the athlete can reproduce the skills as taught or demonstrated by the coach. This style can be useful in a sport where technical movements or standards must be met such as prognosticate skating. However, it manda tes that the athlete be open to total trust in the coach and their subsequent decisions. This style has been criticised because it fails to nib for the various learning methods that young players may use as well as their individual needs. Coaches who are involved with highly trained and well-organised players may take the Laissez