Amputation and Surgery in the 19th Century :: Victorian Era

Amputation and Surgery in the 19th Century Surgery and Amputation During this period a deep cut could lead to infection, and the only treatment for infections was amputation and cauterization. However, hospitals and medical instruments were hardly if ever sanitized, so one could often come out of the hospital worse than when one went in (Bloodwiki). It was not uncommon for a person to survive a surgery only to be set upon by diseases such as hospital gangrene and septicaemia (Youngson 29). Youngson describes hospitals as â€Å"dark and overcrowded, ill-run and insanitary. It was not uncommon to see in the same ward, at the same time, cases of, (let us say) typhoid fever, erysipelas, pneumonia, rickets, dysentery; nor was it uncommon to see two patients in the same bed† (Youngson 24). Anesthesia was not used in surgeries until 1846, so prior to that the patient was completely conscious when they operated on him or her, unless the patient passed out from pain. Patients were uneager to be cut into while they were awake: â€Å"Dragged unwilling ly or carried from the ward to the operating theatre by a couple of hospital attendants (in Edinburgh a large wicker basker was used for this purpose) the patient was laid on the operating table and if necessary strapped down† (Youngson 27). The tools used in surgeries can be seen here. Anesthetics Anesthetics were not used in surgery until October 16, 1846, in Massachusetts General Hospital (Youngson 51). The anesthesia was a inhaled gas known as ether. In 1847 a doctor by the name of James Simpson popularized chloroform as an alternative to ether. According to Simpson chloroform could do more with less, act faster and last longer than ether, is more pleasing to the senses than ether, and is cheaper (qtd. in Youngson 70). Chloroform also did not need an inhaling device like ether did; it could be placed on a piece of cloth and work just as well (Youngson 70). Antiseptics One of the leading surgeons of the time was also the first surgeon to use antiseptics in surgery. Joseph Lister believed that infections were a result of bacteria. He used various methods to fight the bacteria, constantly changing his methods over the years. He even went so far as to use vaporizing sprays in the surgery areas (Connor). His original method, developed in March of 1847, to keep a wound sterilized was to â€Å"[use] [carbolic acid] to clean a wound, and then [apply] a piece of lint, soaked in the acid, as a dressing, covered by a slightly larger piece of thin tin or sheet lead in order to prevent evaporation of the acid.

Introduction to Early Childhood Education †Assessment Essay

Identify THREE quality indicators relevant to early childhood education and discuss why they are important for children, parents, and/or society. 300 words. The first quality indicator relevant to early childhood education would be ‘people’. Letting your child learn in an environment where the teachers and assistants are expert, well-trained and the majority of them hold qualifications in the area. They should be able to fully understand your child’s needs, communicate well with them ensuring they make your child feel safe and comfortable being around them. They should also be trusted and respected by staff, parents and children. The ‘place or environment’ would be the second indicator. The learning environment should make all children feel welcome regardless of the cultural, ethnic or language background. They should be able to provide a variety of, materials, equipment and play activity arranged to encourage children to learn. A stimulating outdoor environment that challenges and motivates children to explore, run and play is also important. An environment where they feel safe, and where parents can see their child, and feel comfortable knowing they are there. They should be able to feel secure in the environment they are in and to know their children can only benefit from being there. ‘Programme’ the third indicator. A quality learning programme should provide lots of learning opportunities in a wide range of different areas (reading, water play, sand play, dress-up, science, social play). A variety of activities either working in small groups or individual interactions with teachers. Parents should be able to BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 2 to understand themselves about what their child is learning, having good communication with the centre employees, knowing what is going on and understanding their ways etc. an eye out being a parent and understanding the centres way. Teachers should always build trusting relationships with parents while always respecting and supporting different families cultures and languages. Reference List (ASPECTS OF QUALITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Valerie N. Podmore and Anne Meade With Anne Kerslake Hendricks, 2000) (Collins Concise Dictionary, 2001, p. 1224). (Gibbs, C. (2006). To be a teacher: Journeys towards authenticity. Auckland: Pearson Education. ) BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 3 Identify TWO early childhood services in your community. Briefly explain their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. 450 words. Montessori is a philosophy and method of education pioneered by the Italian educationalist Dr Maria Montessori (The first Montessori school opened in 1909, the first Waldorf school in 1919 and the first Playcentre in the 1930s) Montessori ‘casa dei bambini’ or ‘children’s house’ was first opened in San Lorenzo, Rome, Italy. Dr Maria Montessori recognised that the first six years of a child’s life are the most important. Dr Montessori, trialled many materials and activities, but kept only those to which the children were spontaneously and repeatedly drawn. Playcentre began in 1941 primarily as a support service to women left raising children alone due to partners being away with the Second World War. Lack of transport and low family incomes were the reality for many women. Playcentre’s original aims were â€Å"to provide leisure for mothers and opportunities for the social development of the pre-school child† (Stover, 1998, p. 3). Playcentre is a stimulating environment, they provide a diverse and rich range of experiences, unlimited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum. Montessori has a certain structure and is based on their own philosophy unlike playcentre. Playcentre is a parent run co-operative it relies heavily on parental input, participation and support. Montessori aim is to provide an environment with structure and activities that meet the needs of the children and by giving them freedom to move and act within it, it was said that Dr Montessori had revealed the â€Å"true nature† of the child. Their philosophy is aimed for Children to be encouraged to be firmly grounded in reality before being exposed to fantasy. Montessori classrooms are very BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 4 quiet, as children are deeply absorbed in their work. They input this by managing the classroom materials into six areas (Practical Life Exercises, Sensorial Material, Art, Mathemartics, language, cultural subjects, and also physical is brought into their daily routine). Playcentre however is marked by a stimulating environment, providing a diverse and rich range of experiences, unlimited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum. Their views and goals are to promote children’s learning through play, Family involvement ( based on the importance of parents as educators of their own children) They like to View children as people who are strong and capable and can make their own choices about how and where to play (childinitiated play). Playcentre teachers are trained parents who take quite a hands on approach and implement learning, using a lot of open ended questions to extend children’s thinking. Montessori and playcentre have different methods. Both focus on the wellbeing of children, and help promote them to learn and grow through many different approaches. The key difference between Playschool and Montessori is that at playschool the whole family joins, rather than it just being a provider of education for the child. Reference List (Pre-schoolers: Preschool Education: Types of Early Childhood Care KYLIE VALENTINE 2010) (Stover, 1998, p. 3). May, H. (2002, Winter). Early childhood care and education in Aotearoa – New Zealand: An overview of history, policy and curriculum. McGill Journal of Education BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 5. Discuss THREE of the following significant factors which were covered in this course and that promote health and safety in early childhood centres and explain the role of the early childhood practitioner in promoting and implementing these factors: 1. Providing a safe environment 2. Providing a hygienic and clean environment 3. Identifying and responding to childhood illness ‘Providing a safe environment’ Being a teacher, means constantly observing children and setting safety rules for them to create a safe centre. This is only part of the process. Teachers must always watch for hazardous situations. Toys, equipment, electrical appliances, hot water, and cleaning supplies can pose danger to children. Centre vehicles and the building itself can also be hazardous to children. As well as outdoor activities, certain heights and lengths of equipment need to be suitable for the environment as these pose a danger to children also. â€Å"Exploration is an important part of a child’s growth and development, and increased independence. However, that exploration should take place in an environment that is as free of hazards as possible† (MoH, 1997, p.71). ). The teacher’s role in identifying and removing or minimising potential hazards is vital. (See Moe, 2008, HS12-16, p. 19) A teacher’s first job should be to look at the environment where the children are going to play first thing in the morning, if there is anything unusual, broken or out of place that could be risk. Toy safety is another, choosing the items correctly the item itself, size, if it is appropriate for their age, etc. Picking safe toys and materials greatly reduces the risk of serious injury. Small things can cause serious harm, e. g. choking. However as a teacher, you must supervise children at all times when using BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 6 the toys/playing. Creating rules for the children helps implement the importance of safety to them as well. ‘Providing a hygienic and clean environment ‘ In an Early childhood centre it is essential that all equipment is cleaned daily/weekly/monthly everything is to be sanitised/disinfected especially With children having access to all sorts of equipment daily (putting toys in their mouths, several hands touching the toys etc. ) It is very important for learning environments to be clean and safe as Germs can easily spread fast among children who play together. (Air, coughing, sneezing, Body waste and fluids, faeces, urine, saliva, mucus, skin, wounds, parasite, Blood, viruses and bacteria). Teachers should encourage children to also get involved with personal hygiene, getting them to blow their noses on tissues, washing hands before and after eating, or using the bathroom, this shows them how to help stay clean. â€Å"The importance of effective hand-washing for educators and children cannot be over-emphasised. Hand-washing is essential following animal handling, rubbish removal, outdoor activities, nose blowing, toileting and preceding food handling and consumption (MoH, 1997)† There are more strategies teachers influence to keep a safe healthy environment such as when a new child starts they talk about immunisation (immunisation charts) and excursion if a child is ill. These hygiene practices can likely reduce the spread of germs or uncleanliness in learning settings and it is essential to have a cleaning schedule. ‘†Identifying and responding to childhood illness† Early childhood teachers should be able to tell the signs and symptoms of an ill child . They should provide appropriate care for a child who is unwell. Sick children are usually have no interest in play, have BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 7 little energy, short tempered and upset, may want to be held and comforted, fever, vomiting or diarrhoea. Parents should be notified, so they can come and collect their child. It is important to isolate the child from the group to prevent infecting others. A staff member must supervise the child closely, as a young child’s condition can change rapidly and they may need urgent attention. Children should always be reminded to also help stop spreading illness, they need to be given an idea, they may not understand the detail but as simple as reminding them to put their hand over their mouth when they sneeze or cough, grabbing a tissue when needed etc. Staff must always enforce hygienic care. Staff with Appropriate first aid should be administered to help with a situation where a child needs tending too e. g. If they are hurt, and need wounds cleaned and banded. The Ministry of Health (1997) advises that children should stay away from early childhood services when they are ill. Depending on your childcare provider they to have their own policy towards the issue. Teachers are not expected to diagnose conditions, that is what the doctors are for. However, having knowledge of how certain illnesses manifest, spread, and incubate is very important. Having a first aid certificate is a positive in the childcare industry having the knowledge of what to do in certain situations, it benefits the children and the centre. Reference List Auckland Regional Public Health Service. (May 2010). Health & safety guidelines for early childhood centres. Retrieved 19th September, 2011, fromhttp://www. arphs. govt. nz/Portals/0/Health%20Information/PDFs/ECC_HealthSafet yGuidelines. pdf Childcare illness from http://www. careforkids. com. au/articlesv2/article. asp? ID=71 (Ministry of Health, 1997).

The Addiction And Its Effects On The American Economy

Workaholism, defined broadly as work addiction, still lacks a specific, widely accepted definition, even though it is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States. As job insecurity has increased following the Great Recession and technology has allowed for employees to be constantly connected to the office (Shifron Reysen, 2011; Foster, 2014), people often find themselves working more. Indeed, Americans are taking less time off than they have in the past (All Work, 2014) and 25-30% identify as workaholics (Robinson, 2001 as cited in Shifron Reysen, 2011). There is still a debate over whether workaholism is a genuine addiction/disease, or just the set of associated behaviors, i.e. working excessively, thinking ceaselessly about†¦show more content†¦Additionally, productivity seems to plateau after a certain amount of weekly working hours. One study found that increasing working hours to over 60 per week caused productivity to increase for three to four weeks, then d ecline sharply (Covert, 2014), while another found that productivity declined after 49 hours per week, regardless of the weeks worked (Pencavel, 2014 as cited in C.W., 2014). By studying data from World War I munitions workers, the latter study provided a direct, concrete measure of productivity, while the former focused on more modern, white collar work, suggesting that decreases in productivity with increased work hours can be observed across a broad spectrum of career fields. In addition, Ng, Sorenson, Feldman (2007) reported that although working longer hours led to greater job performance in the short term, it took a toll on performance in the long term because of the decline in employee health. In addition to excessively long work hours, a lack of vacation time negatively affects productivity. However, American workers often do not or cannot take a vacation. The United States is the only advanced nation that does not guarantee paid vacation, while European countries allow for 20 to 30 paid days off annually (Covert, 2014; Olen, 2014). Even with these

The Effect Of The Individual Personality On Success Essay

Countless studies and meta-analysis have been done on the effect of the individual personality on success, whether it be within the workplace or an educational institute (ETS, 2016). Academic success is largely attributed to intellectual ability in everyday life, even though this supports the literature that is intellectual ability does have a large role over academic success it is only one of many factors that can influence academic success, in this study the effect of intellectual ability will be tested against academic success of students to verify and reproduce the results that exist in abundance within multiple studies (Chamorro-Premuzic Arteche, 2008). Therefore, we will be testing whether the relationship between intellectual ability and academic performance is significant or not. This constructs the first hypothesis for the study: There will be a significant positive relationship between intellectual ability and academic performance A largely effective method of breaking up the human personality is using the Big Five Factor Model, this presents five traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness). Many studies that been done on each individual trait and their respective influences on success, however when individual traits are studied to observe their effect on academic success it is clear that some traits are more desirable than others if one is to strive within an academic setting (ETS, 2016). 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This essay will explore both negative and positive ways in which personality can predict the performance, as well as explaining what personality is. Past research has â€Å"demonstrated that personality constructs are associated with work performance, with some traits like conscientiousness predicting success around jobs. Other linked with specific occupations e.g. extraversion correla tes with success in sales and management as wellRead MoreGroup Motivation Inventory Paper1120 Words   |  5 Pages The task of motivating individuals in a group setting requires an understanding of each member’s personality attribute. As such, experts successfully devised theories to help in assessing people’s personality traits. The essence of this evaluation is that many ostensibly discrepancies in a human behavior is orderly and steady because of basic differences in the ways individuals desire to use their perception and judgment. 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It is popularly believed by laypeople that birth order and family size plays a strong role in the development and eventual personality type and success of each adult; however, while many studies have found positive correlations between older children and success, others have been inconclusive (Carballo, J. et al. 2012). While birth order may play

Essay on Medias Portrayal Of Beauty Affects Socieites Youth

Beauty is an omnipresent characteristic that plagues societies’ youth today because mainstream media has them convinced that inner beauty is less important than physical beauty. Unfortunately the media’s warped sense of what true beauty is has been advertised in such a way that it has become an unhealthy observation for today’s youth. The expectations of beauty are unacceptably stereotyped, which creates unrealistic idealistic goals for our young people to try to achieve. It is crucial to mention that as a society we need to strive toward teaching the proper balance between both aspects of beauty to offset the portrayal of what true beauty is by the media. The media has created an obsession with perfection through the use of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"While more common among girls, eating disorders also affect boys† (New, 2011, pg 1). Part of this problem is because of pressures from the media, peer pressure and the lack of education about the changes their bodies will inevitably go through during puberty and why. Teenagers are more vulnerable to social and peer pressure, which may explain the rates of eating disorders in societies youth (Tree, 2012). This is the reason that our society must work to educate our youth to help ensure that they become proud of whom they are, no matter what size or shape they are. â€Å"Adolescence is a time of sexual identity and the need for independence that conflicts with the rules and expectations set by others† (New, 2012, pg 2). Though there are a large amount of contributors toward the rising rates of teen self-injury and suicides, it is clear that the media pressures to perfection are one contributor. Preteens and adolescents ages 12 to 19 are engaging in self injury in record numbers then in previous years (Pavlishina, 2012) and â€Å"suicide is the third-leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, after accidents and homicides† (New, 2012, pg 1). Each day our youth is exposed to commercialized images of what the male and female body should look like and these extremely serious issues are not helped by the impossible portrayals of perfection by

The Next Hunger Games English Literature Essay Free Essays

The narrative a subsequence. Its about a miss, Katniss. She lived in District 12 and got picked as testimonial to contend in the one-year Hunger Games, organized by the Capitol, the topographic point that regulations over a state called Panem ( what used to be the United States ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Next Hunger Games English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 1 who survives the game, wins. Merely one individual could win, but at the terminal they said two people from the same territory could win together. When Katniss and her fellow District 12 testimonial Peeta think they ‘ve won, they ‘re told merely one of them can win. Because they refuse to kill each other, they want to take toxicant berries so they ‘ll both decease. This is seen as opposition by the Capitol ( the Capitol regulations everything ) , and they are rapidly stopped. So, together with Peeta, Katniss won the Hunger Games. Because of Katniss ‘ behaviour, people are easy turning against the Capitol. The following Hunger Games, all the old victors had to be in the games once more, even though they would really ne’er have to once more. At the terminal, the staying testimonials are saved by Rebels and they are brought to District 13. Cipher knew District 13 still existed though. In the interim, Katniss has become the symbol of the revolution. She is the ‘Mockingjay ‘ . She does hold a twosome of demands. So she wants President Coin, the president of District 13, to allow unsusceptibility to all former victors of the Hunger Games. She besides wants to be the 1 who kills President Snow ( President of Panem ) . Peeta was non rescued by the Rebels so the Rebels decide to take action, and free Peeta from the Capitol. If successful, it is non the Peeta that Katniss can retrieve her. But when Peeta is saved, he attacks Katniss because he was brainwashed by the Capitol so he would believe that Katniss is the enemy. The Rebels, with Katniss as their leader, continue runing and they go to the Capitol. Their end is to kill President Snow. During this trip, a figure of Rebels are killed, including Finnick. Finally Katniss goes looking for president Snow by herself. Then parachutes fall down, the same 1s that were used in the Hunger Games to supply things. The kids instantly try to acquire them, but they are bad packages, because there are bombs inside. Many of the kids and the Rebel medical squad are killed because of this. Among these people was Primrose, Katniss ‘ sister. This has a great impact on Katniss. Finally Katniss gets to President Snow and they talk briefly. He tells her that non he, but President Coin was responsible for the bombs. Katniss does n’t cognize what to believe, but if this is true so Gale was cognizant of this program, even though he denies everything. When Katniss gets the opportunity to kill President Snow, she remembers that she had one time made a trade with him ; they would ever state each other the truth. So alternatively of killing him, she shoots an pointer at President Coin. Commotion arises and it seems President Snow is dead, but it is ill-defined how he died precisely. Katniss wants to perpetrate self-destruction, but right when she wants to take the pill, Peeta stops her. Katniss does n’t acquire pursued and goes back to District 12 with some others and they want to reconstruct the territory. Katniss eventually sees that it was inevitable to fall in love with Peeta. She did non necessitate Gale. Together with Haymitch, Katniss and Peeta create a book with the narratives of the old testimonials and others during who died during the rebellion. This manner, they would ne’er be forgotten. The book ends with an epilogue. Katniss is an grownup and has two kids, she is married to Peeta. The Hunger Games are history, but Katniss does non look frontward to the minute when she has to state her kids about the Games and the war. Subject Ferociousness Description of the chief character Katniss Everdeen: Katniss is a 17 twelvemonth old miss. She is obstinate and independent. Her small sister Prim means a batch to her. She loves runing with her friend Gale. Because she did n’t desire to be bossed around by the Capitol, she gave people hope. So she became ‘the Mockingjay ‘ . Description of two minor characters Peeta Mellark: Peeta Mellark was a bakers boy. He ever had a crush on Katniss before they got picked to be testimonials. Peeta is really talented in picture. He is diffident, really sweet and would make anything for Katniss. Gale Hawthorne: Gale is Katniss ‘ best friend and they ever hunt together. He cares a batch about his household. He is rebellious and lovingness. He is in love with Katniss. Description of the topographic point where the narrative is set District 13. This is the District furthest off from the Capitol. It is under the land, so it looks as if there is nil. But, under the land are populating a batch of people. When does the narrative take topographic point? The narrative takes topographic point in the hereafter. I know this because it is told in the first book of the series. The narrative is told inveterate. Who is the storyteller? The narrative is told from Katniss ‘ position. Explanation of the rubric When Katniss went into the Hunger Games in the first book, she got a pin with a mockingjay on it. That is the combination of a mocker and a jabberjay ( a bird designed by the Capitol to memorise conversations so the Capitol could descry on people. When the jabberjay ‘s got misused by the people being spied on, the jabberjay ‘s were released in the wild. Alternatively of deceasing, they bred with mockers ) . Katniss becomes ‘the mockingjay ‘ as a statement. Is the book merely meant as a narrative or is the writer seeking to convey across a message? I do n’t believe there ‘s truly a message behind the narrative. Possibly if you try really difficult to happen some kind of intending behind the narrative you could believe of a message but I think that ‘s a small far-fetched. My sentiment on the book I liked the book, because I was really funny about how the narrative would stop. Would I urge the book to my schoolmates? Certain, I would urge the book to my schoolmates. But, they should hold read the other books because this is merely the concluding book. If they have read the other books, I would decidedly urge the book because it is easy to read and it ‘s non really complicated ( unless you have n’t read the other books evidently ) . Which portion I liked best I liked the stoping best, merely because I wanted to cognize how the narrative ended. Which portion disappointed me most I guess what disappointed me most was besides the stoping, because even though I loved Peeta, I in secret wanted Katniss to take Gale. She made the right determination though, but it still someway defeated me. How much clip I spent reading the book I think it took me about a hebdomad to read the book, but I ‘m non certain how many hours. How to cite The Next Hunger Games English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Customer Organization Service and Satisfaction

Question: Discuss about the Customer Organization Service and Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction Coffeeville is a reputed organization that distributes premium coffee and coffee related products to the retail and wholesale customers in Melbourne. Now, the company is aimed at establishing a new online website to the wholesale customers where they can order coffee and coffee related products online. The following report presents the appropriate Customer Service Plan for the online sector of this business. Customer service needs In online ordering, customers order 24/7 and they want that it should be available for every customer. So, there should be flexibility in the placing of orders that is convenient for every type of customers, when outside the business hours (Nguyen et al. 2014). The customers want a variety of options in online menu as it is convenient for them and so, an online menu is easy to handle and manage by the customers. While ordering online, customers want their order confirmation to be received in real time and there is no reason to call back the undecided customers on their orders. The online website of Coffeeville should eliminate the follow up calls and make online coffee ordering completely free to provide the customers to gather a he number of customers. Most importantly, delivering coffee and related items on time to the customers would help to engage the customers with excellent customer service that would automatically increase the sales volume (Xu, Munson and Zeng 2017). The timel y delivery of the coffee and related products would help to provide effective customer services and meet the needs of the customers. Customer service strategies Customers expect good customer service needs in the digital realm. The website should be easy for the customers to find the resources, online menu, price and mode of payments. The contact information available on the website should be reachable to the customers. By linking the contact information to the social media pages would help to gather more customers in the online business (Peppers and Rogers 2016). There should also be a FAQ page where the customers can lodge their complaints and ask queries. A separate page for the tackling of issues like buying process, return policy and tracking would help to save precious time of the customers and of the business. An integrated live chat feature would also help to get fast responses and fill the gap for the concerns. It can be made available through a pop up that would help the website visitors to save time by looking into a single page. A customer care executive would help to address the complaints and concerns of the customers by provid ing them right information and getting engaged with the customers in a precise and positive manner through all the channels of customer service (Mohapatra 2013). A research analyst is also required who would supervise into the working of the customer care executive and look into matter that the customers concerns are being addressed properly. A customer relation team would help to deliver the appropriate information to the customers before they encounter problems (Tsimonis and Dimitriadis 2014). The expert customer service department would help to deliver the timely information to the customers would reduce the request numbers to the service teams that will improve the overall customer experiences. The follow up emails would enhance the constant customer engagement and with better experiences. Methods on determining customer service levels There are many methods that determine the customer service levels while delivering premium coffee and related products ordered online. As Coffeevilles values and visions are customer focused with collaborative work, professionalism and teamwork, the customer experiences and services are of paramount importance to the company. So, it is important to measure the quality of customer service for high performance of the organization and support innovative thinking for online presence of the customers. One way to measure is to look into the number of sales. If the customers are happy, there would be increase in the purchase of the products. However, this not an accurate way as it depends on the season, recent market breakdown or economic climate. The follow-up emails, filling of feedback forms and by measuring the number of customer complaints would help to assess the quality of the customer services (Heath 2014). The customer feedback forms helps to measure the customers experiences and s atisfaction about the delivery of coffee and related products through online. Apart from direct methods of feedback from the customers, there are indirect methods that help to assess the customer satisfaction level. The Key Performance Indicators (KPI) like sales renewal rates, number of complaints regarding faulty goods or employees, average order-fulfillment times, number of customer contacts and tike taken from the order to delivery help to determine customer satisfaction levels (Zikmund et al. 2013). The star marking by the customers would also help to assess the service levels that are provided to the customers. References Heath, S., 2014.System and method for using global location information, 2D and 3D mapping, social media, and user behavior and information for a consumer feedback social media analytics platform for providing analytic measurements data of online consumer feedback for global brand products or services of past, present or future customers, users, and/or target markets. U.S. Patent 8,909,771. Mohapatra, S., 2013. E-commerce Strategy. 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